Exercises

【Ex1.】根据课文内容，回答以下问题。

1. What is information in human terms and in the broadest sense?

2. What does information include?

3. What happens if we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information?

4. Can anyone kill information?

5. Where was information contained in libraries traditionally? How did people access it?

6. What speeds up most of these previously time-consuming tasks?

7. What is the problem for most researchers now to find information?

8. For library materials, what is the organizing principle?

9. What is the one thing common to all of the access systems mentioned?

10. Is accessing good information just as simple as pointing your browser to Altavista or HotBot?

【Ex2.】根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。

n. 取回，恢复，修补；检索　r　　

n. 机械装置，机构，机制　m　　

adj. 特有的，表示特性的，典型的　c　　

n. 分类，分级　c　　

n. 风格，方式，样式，习惯　m　　

n. 文件，公文　d　　

vt. 解释，说明　i　　

vt. 使自动化，自动操作　a　　

n. 分类　a　　

n. 法则，原则，原理　p　　

n. 排列，安排　a　　

n. &vt. 访问，存取　a　　

n. 浏览器，浏览书本的人　b　　

n. 目录　c　　

n. 索引　i　　

n. 材料，原料，物资，素材　m　　

n. 媒体；介质　m　　

n. 安排，配置，计划　s　　

【Ex3.】把下列句子翻译为中文。

1. Some people believe that leadership occurs only at the top levels of organizations and managing occurs at the levels farther down the organizations.

2. A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project.

3. A functional manager is in charge of a major function.

4. Similarly, a product line manager is in charge of a group of closely-related products.

5. The term“supervisor”typically refers to one's immediate superior in the workplace, that is, the person whom you report directly to in the organization.

6. A key issue in accomplishing the goals identified in the planning process is structuring the work of the organization.

7. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization's resources to achieve organizational goals.

8. The formal organization can be seen and represented in chart form.

9. The informal organization is the network, unrelated to the firm's formal authority structure, of social interactions among its employees.

10. The supervisor must realize that the informal organization affects the formal organization.

【Ex4.】从下列词中选择适当的词填空。

Applications of fundamental topics of information theory include　1　 data compression (e.g. ZIP files), lossy data　2　 (e.g. MP3s), and channel coding (e.g. for DSL lines). The field is at the　3　 of mathematics,　4　 , computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrica　5　 . Its impact has been　6　 to the success of the Voyager missions to deep space, invention of the CD, feasibility of　7　 phones, development of the　8　 , study of linguistics and of human perception, understanding of black holes, and numerous other fields. Important sub-fields of information　9　 are source coding, channel coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic information theory, and　10　 of information.