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运动平面
通常人体运动可以被描述为在3个平面上的运动,这3个想象的相互垂直的平面穿过人体,在人体的重心处交叉,它们分别是矢状面、冠状面和水平面。
矢状面
矢状面将人体分为左、右两半。在矢状面上的运动包括四肢与躯干屈曲和伸展等。
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矢状面
屈曲和伸展的动作
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踝关节背屈
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踝关节跖屈
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膝关节屈曲
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膝关节伸展
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髋关节屈曲:股骨围绕骨盆转动
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髋关节屈曲:骨盆围绕股骨转动
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髋关节伸展
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脊柱屈曲
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脊柱伸展
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肘关节屈曲
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肘关节伸展
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肩关节屈曲
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肩关节伸展
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颈部屈曲
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颈部伸展
冠状面
冠状面将人体分成前、后两半。在冠状面上的运动包括四肢内收和外展(相对于躯干)、脊柱侧屈及足踝内翻和外翻等。
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冠状面
内收和外展的动作
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足踝外翻
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足踝内翻
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髋关节外展
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髋关节内收
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躯干侧屈
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肩关节外展
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肩关节内收
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颈部侧屈
水平面
水平面将人体分成上、下两半。水平面运动包括四肢内旋和外旋,头颈左、右旋转,四肢水平外展和水平内收以及前臂旋前、旋后等。
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水平面
旋转的动作
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髋关节外旋
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髋关节内旋
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前臂旋后
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前臂旋前
肩关节外旋
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肩关节内旋
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肩关节水平外展
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肩关节水平内收
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脊柱旋转
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颈部旋转