考研英语词汇强词有理
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List 07

高频词汇篇

019popu l,publ=people

020j udg,j udic=j udge

021proper,propri=one’s own

022pos,posit,pone,pon=put

词根 019

popul,publ=people,表示人民

public

['pʌblIk]

a.公共的;公众的;公开的;政府的n.公众;社会;公共场所

记 [publ-people,ic-a.]publ词根,表示“人民”,ic为形容词→a.公共的,公众的

a.not private;open to or concerning the people as a whole

类publicity n.公众的注意;宣扬

例 2012.Text 1

Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skil led at applying peer pressure.

罗森伯格提出了一个令人信服的理由:公共健康运动的拥护者应该向精通于应用朋辈压力的广告商学习。

population

['pɒpju'leIʃn]

n.人口,全体居民

n.the people whoinhabit a territory or state;the number ofinhabitantsin a given place

例 2013.Text 3

Look up Homo sapiensin the“Red List”of threatened species of the international Union for the Conservation of Nature(iUCN)and you wil l read:“Listed as Least Concern as the speciesis very widely distributed,adaptable,currentlyin-creasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overallpopulation decline.”

在国际自然保护联盟(iUCN)的濒危物种“红色名录”上查阅“智人”这一词条,你将会看到:“它被列为‘最无危险’的物种,因为它分布非常广泛,适应性强,目前数量呈增长趋势,并且暂时还没有会导致其总体数量下降的主要威胁。”

popular

['pɒpjələ(r)]

a.流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的;大众的;普及的

记 [popul-people,ar-a.]popul词根表“人民”→人民大众都知道的→a.流行的;通俗的;大众的

a.regarded with great favor,approval,or affection especial ly by the general public

类popu larize vt.普及,推广;使受欢迎

例 2009.Text 2

Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing,which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.

亲子鉴定和血缘关系鉴定是其中最受欢迎的,被领养的孩子可以使用这两种方法去寻找有血缘关系的亲属,父母也可以追踪到自己被领养的孩子。

popularity

['pɒpju'lærəti]

n.普遍,流行;受欢迎;有声望

记 [popular,ity-n.]popular表“流行的”,ity为名词→n.普遍;流行;有声望

n.the quality of being widely admired or [C]Dominance of hijacked media.

accepted or sought after [D]Popu larity of owned media.

例 2011.Text 3译文这篇文章主要是关于什么的?

[A]传统付费媒介以外的媒介。

35.which of the fol lowingis the text mainly about?

[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media. [B]被劫持媒介与免费媒介之间的矛盾

[C]被劫持媒介的主导地位。

[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media. [D]自有媒介的流行。

词根 020

judg,judic=judge,表示判断

just

[dʒʌst]

ad.正好地;刚才;只不过a.

公正的,公平的

a.used especial ly of whatis legal ly or ethi-cal ly right or proper or fitting

类justice n.公正,公平;审判,司法

例 2007.Part[C]

On the one hand,it provides opportunities to analyze suchideas as justice,democracy and freedom.

一方面,它为诸如公平、民主和自由这样的概念提供了分析机会。

fairness

['feənəs]

n.公平;美好;清晰;顺利性

记 [fair-just,ness-n.]fair表示“公平的,美丽的”,ness为名词→n.公平;美好

n.ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty;the quality of being good looking and attractive

类fair a.公平的;美丽的ad.公平地n.展览会;市集;美人

例 2005.Text 1

However,whether such a sense of fairness evolvedindependentlyin capuchins and humans,or whetherit stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.

然而,这种公平意识究竟是卷尾猴和人类各自独立进化而来的,还是源于3500万年前的共同祖先,至今为止,还没有答案。

judge

[dʒʌdʒ]

n.法官;裁判员;鉴定人

vt.审判;评论,裁判

记 简单词,动词为“审判”,名词为“法官”

→词根judg为“判断”

n.a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice/

vt.determine the resu lt of(a competition)

类judgement n.(judgment)审判,判决;判断(力);看法,意见

例 2014.Text 4

Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as wellas prominent figures from diplomacy,fil mmaker,music and journalism.

委员会的51名成员中,有顶尖高校的校长、学者、律师、法官和企业主管,还有外交领域、电影界、音乐界和新闻业的知名人士。

adjust

[ə'dʒʌst]

vt.调节;整顿,调整

vi.适应(to);使调节

记 [ad-to,just]ad前缀,表示“去”,just为“公正的”→去使事情变公正,正确→vt.调节,调整

v.adapt or conform oneself to new or differ- ent conditions;regu late so as to achieve ac- curacy or conform to a standard

adj.ustment n.调整;调节

例 2016.Text 4

37.Perettisuggests thatin face of the present situation,TheTimes shou ld____.

[A]make strategic adjustments

[B]end the print edition for good

[C]seek new sources of readership

[D]aim for efficient management

译文佩雷蒂建议,在当前的情况下,《纽约时报》应该____。

[A]做出一些战略调整

[B]永远结束纸质印刷版业务

[C]寻找新的读者源

[D]致力于高效管理

prejudice

['predʒudIs]

n.成见,偏见,歧视v.使

抱偏见,损害

记 [pre-before,jud-judge,ice-n.]pre表示“提前”,jud表示“判断”→提前做出“断定”→n.偏见

n.a partiality that prevents objective consid- eration of anissue or situation/v.disadvan- tage by prejudice

jury

['dʒʊəri]

n.陪审团;全体评审员

记 [ju-just,ry]法庭上代表正义(just)的公民,审判团→n.陪审团;全体评审员

n.a committee appointed to judge a competition

例 2010.Text 4(2)

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibitedintentional racial dis-criminationin jury selection as early as the1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-cal led elite or bl ue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way a-round this and other anti-discrimination laws.

虽然早在1880年的Strauder v.West Virginia一案中美国最高法院就已经禁止在陪审员选拔过程中出现任何故意的种族歧视行为,但是选拔所谓的精英或一流的陪审团的做法是给这个和其他反歧视法提供了一个方便之门。

词根 021

proper,propri=one’s.own,表示拥有”,引申为恰当的

add

[æd]

vt.加;增加(.);进一步说/

vi.(to)增添

v.make an addition(to);join or combine or unite with others;increase the quality,quantity,size or scope of

类additional a.增加的,额外的,另外的

add to加入,加到;增加

add A to B把A加到B上

例 2015.Text 3

Manuscript willbe flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’sinternal editors,or byits existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.

原稿被标出,需要经过额外的仔细审查,或由杂志内部编辑,或由现有的编辑评审委员会,或由外部的同行评审人员。

proper

['prɒpə(r)]

a.适合的;合乎体统的;固有的;有礼貌的

a.marked by suitability or rightness or app- ropriateness

类improper a.不合适的,不适当的

例 2007.Text 4

“Setting the properinvestment level for security,redundancy,and recoveryis a managementissue,not a technical one,”he says.

他说,“为信息安全、备份和恢复等问题设定合适的投资标准,是一个管理问题,而不是技术问题。”

appropriate

[ə'prəʊpriət]

a.适当的,恰当的;特有的vt.拨给;挪用;盗用

记 [app-intensive,propri-恰当,ate-a.]app表加强程度,propri表“恰当”,ate为形容词→去使变恰当→a.恰当的,适当的

a.suitable for a particu lar person or place or condition etc,suitable and fitting

近suitable a.适当的;相配的

inappropriate a.不恰当的,不适宜的

例 2013.Text 4(2)

If appropriate pubic policies werein place to hel p allwomen—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and allfamilies,Sand- berg wou ld be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable personlivingin a more just society.

如果有合理的公共政策来帮助所有的女性——无论是首席执行官或者是他们孩子的保姆——和所有的家庭,那么像其他生活在更加公正的社会中的优秀人才一样,桑伯格就没有新闻报道的价值了。

adapt

[ə'dæpt]

vt.使适应,使适合;改编;改写vi.适应

记 [ad-again,apt-适应]ad表“一再”,apt为“适应”→一再去使适应→vt.使适应;改编

v.make fit for,or change to suit a new purpose

类adaptation n.适应;适合;改编,改写

例 2015.Text 1(2)

24.The British royals“have most of fear”be- cause Charles____.

[A]takes a toughline on politicalissues

[B]fails to change hislifestyle as advised

[C]takes republicans as his potential allies

[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role

译文英国王室“最能感受到恐惧”是因为查尔斯____。

[A]在政治问题上采取强硬政策

[B]不能听取改变其生活方式的建议

[C]将共和主义者作为其潜在的盟友

[D]没能适应自己未来的角色

property

['prɒpəti]

n.财产,资产;地产,房地

产;所有物;性质,特性

记 [proper-one owns,ty-n.]proper表“拥有”,ty为名词后缀→一个人拥有的所有物→n.财产,资产

n.something owned;any tangible orintangi- ble possession thatis owned by someone

类possession n.占有,持有,拥有;个人财产,私人财物

intel lectual property知识产权;著作权

例 2010.Text 2

in a move that hasintel lectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit saidit wou ld use a particu lar case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.

联邦巡回上诉法院称,他们将利用某一特例来展开对商业方法专利的全面审查,这一举措引起了知识产权律师们议论纷纷。

odd

[ɔd]

a.奇数的;奇怪的;单只的;临时的;带零头的

a.beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

类odds n.不平等,差异;机会

例 2007.Text 3

Even demographics are working against the middle class family,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and allthe attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfoldin just one generation.

即使是人口统计的资料也对中产阶级家庭很不利,家里有一个年迈体弱的父亲或母亲的可能性以及随之而来的在身体上和经济上需要得到援助的需求,在一代人的时间里增加到了原来的八倍。

aid

[ed]

n.援助;帮助;助手;帮助者

vt.援助;帮助;有助于

vi.帮助

v.give hel p or assistance;be of service/n.the work of providing treatment for or atten- ding to someone or something

possess

[pə'zes]

vt.具有;占据

vt.have as an attribute,knowledge,or skil l;have ownership or possession of

例 2011.Part[B]

Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degreeintoa prerequisite for a successful academic career:as lateas 1969 a third of Ameri- can professors did not possess one.

职业化已经把获得博士学位变成了获得学术成功的前提条件:一直到1969年,三分之一的美国教授还没有具备博士学位。

词根022

pos,posit,pone,pon=put,表示“.,停在那里

position

[pə'zIʃn]

n.位置;职位;姿势,姿态;

见解;立场;形势

记 [pos-put,ition-n.]pos词根为“放置”put,后缀ition为名词→态度放置的位置→n.立场;位置;职位

n.the particu lar portion of space occupied by

something;a jobin an organization

例 2011.Text 2

McGee says leaving without a positionlined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.

麦吉说在没有找到新工作之前就辞职,给了自己足够的时间去思考到底想要经营什么样的公司。

purpose

['pз:pəs]

n.目的,意图;用途,效果

记 [pur-per,pose-put]pur前缀为“一直”,词根pose为“放置”→一直放在心里的东西→n.目的,意图

n.an anticipated outcome thatisintended or

that guides your planned actions

例 2015.Text 4

The purpose of editing the NewsoftheWorld was not to promote reader understanding,to be fairin what was written or to betray any common humanity.

编辑《世界新闻报》的用途不是为了提升读者的理解力,也不是在报道中渴求公平或是泄露任何共同的人性。

composition

['kɒmpə'zIʃn]

n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分

记 [com-together,pos-put,ition-n.]compose动词的名词形式→n.作品;组成,结构

n.a mixture ofingredients;a musical work

that has been created

例 2013.Part[C]

in most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cu ltivation of plantsis unfeasi- ble,yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to callforth the spirit of plant and animallife,if on ly symbolical ly,through a cl umplike arrangement of materials,aninstitution of colors,smallpool of water,and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as wellas of stuffed animals.

在纽约大多数无家之园中,实际栽培植物是不可行的,但是尽管如此,这些作品似乎经常反映了人们试图唤起这些动植物生命力的努力尝试,哪怕只是通过一些象征性的手段来表示,比如布置树丛、运用颜色,以及小水池、常见的花瓣、落叶和填充式动物玩具。

suppose

[sə'pəʊz]

v.推测,猜想;假定

conj.假使……结果会怎样

记 [sup-sub,pose-put]sup理解为sub,表示“下面;潜在的”,pose为“放”→人们在谈话的时候,需要推测“放”在话里的潜在含义→v.推测,猜想,假定

v.express a supposition;expect,believe,or suppose

类supposed a.假定的;想象的;被信以为真的

例 2010.Text 4

And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which willnot sellassets for fear of booking losses,yet are rel uctant to buy al l those supposed bargains.

缺少活力的市场一部分反映了银行系统的瘫痪:为避免账面损失,而不愿出售资产,也不愿收购那些所谓的特价资产。

impose

[Im'pəʊz]

v.征(.);(on).……强加给

记 [im-in,pose-put]前缀im表示“往里”,pose为“放置”→购买商品时,国家强制放在账单里面向购买者征收税款的行为→

v.征税

v.compel to behavein a certain way

例 2012.Text 4(2)

38.Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may____.

[A]impose a heavier burden onimmigrants

[B]bring out more evils of human nature

[C]promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D]ease conflicts between races and

classes

译文本杰明·萨弗里德曼认为,经济衰退也许会____。

[A]给移民强加更重的负担

[B]带来更多人性的邪恶

[C]促进权利和自由的发展

[D]缓解种族和阶级间的冲突

expose

[Ik'spəʊz]

v.使暴露,受到;使曝光;遭受

记 [ex-out,pose-put]前缀“往外”,词根pose为“放置”→往外放置,放到外面→v.使暴露,使曝光

v.show,make visible or apparent;remove allor part of one’s clothes to show one’s body

例 2008.Text 1

The kinds ofinterpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to bein domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family members,and they tend not to be one-shot deals.

不幸的是,女性所接触到的人际关系暴力往往是由家庭中的父母或其他家庭成员所施加的,而且这些压力一般不是一次性的。

positive

['pɒzətIv]

a.肯定的,明确的;积极的;正的;阳性的

a.characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc;having a positive electric charge

近optimistic a.乐观主义的

negative a.否定的,消极的n.负数;(摄影)底片

passive a.被动的,消极的

例 2012.Text 1

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert e- normousinfl uence on our behavior.An emer- ging body of research shows that positive health habits—as wellas negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.Thisis a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciouslyimitate the be- havior we see every day.

毫无疑问的是,我们的同龄群体对我们的行为产生了巨大的影响。大量的新研究表明,积极的卫生习惯和消极的卫生习惯一样,都会通过社会交际在朋友圈中传播。这就是朋辈压力的一种微妙形式:我们会不知不觉地去模仿我们每天看到的行为。

oppose

[ə'pəʊz]

v.反对,使对立,使对抗,使相对

记 [op-ob-against,pose-put]前面op理解为ob,后面pose为“放置”→往反了放→v.反对,使对立

v.be against;express opposition to;fight against or resist strongly

例 2013.Part[C]

A sacred place of peace,however crudeit may be,is a distinctly human need,as op- posed to shelter,whichis a distinctly animal need.

一处神圣的和平圣地,无论有多么的粗陋,也明显是人类的需求,它不同于遮风挡雨的栖息之所,那显然是动物的需求。

opposite

['ɒpəzIt]

a.对面的,相对的,相反的n.对立面

记 [oppos-against,ite-a.]oppos表 示“反对”,ite为形容词→反对的→a.对面的,相反的

a.altogether differentin nature or quality or significance

例 2011.Text 3

Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative al legations about a brand or product.

这种劫持媒体与免费媒体相反:某种资产或活动被消费者、其他利益相关者或积极分子虏为“人质”,进而对一个品牌或产品提出负面指控。

propose

[prə'pəʊz]

v.提出;提议,建议;提名,推荐;求婚

记 [pro-forward,pose-put]pro表“向前”,pose为“放置”→把自己的想法向前放→v.提议→v.求婚;推荐

v.make a proposal,declare a plan for something;ask(someone)to marry you

类proposal n.提议,建议;求婚

例 2009.Part[B]

Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evol ution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwinin the 1860s,British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cu ltural evol ution.

19世纪60年代,英国自然主义者查尔斯·达尔文提议了具有开创意义的生物进化理论,不谋而合的是,英国社会哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞也提出了自己的生物和文化演变的理论。

compose

[kəm'pəʊz]

v.组成,构成;(of).……组成;创作(诗歌等)

记 [com-together,pose-put]前缀com为“一起”,pose为“放置”→把东西放到一起→

v.组成,构成;创作

v.form the substance of;produce aliterary work;put together out of existing material

类composed a.镇静的;沉着的

composer n.作曲家;作家,著作者;设计者

例 2014.Part[C]

Beethoven’s habit ofincreasing the vol ume with an extremeintensity and then abruptly fol lowingit with a sudden soft passage was on ly rarely used by composers before him.

贝多芬的习惯是先把乐曲的音量调到最高,然后再突然衔接一段轻柔的段落,在他之前,很少有作曲家用这样的方式。

exposure

[Ik'spəʊʒə(r)]

n.暴露,揭露;方向;陈列;遗弃;照射量

记 [expos,ure-n.]前面为“暴露”,后缀为名词→“暴露”的名词形式→n.暴露,揭露

n.the act of subjecting someone to aninfl u- encing experience;the disclosure of some-thing secret

例 2013.Text 1

25.Whatis the subject of the text?

[A]Satire on an extravagantlifestyle.

[B]Chal lenge to a high-fashion myth.

[C]Criticism of the fast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.

译文这篇文章的主题是什么?

[A]对奢华生活方式的讽刺。

[B]对高端时尚神话的挑战。

[C]对快速时尚行业的批判。

[D]对畅销的秘密的揭示。

component

[kəm'pəʊnənt]

n.组成部分,成分,元

a.组成的,合成的

n.an abstract part of something;something determinedin relation to something that incl udesit

例 2007.Text 2

in his article“How intelligent is intelligence Testing?”,Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skil ls but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,components also critical to problem solving andlife success.

斯滕伯格在《智力测试有多难?》一文中提到,传统测试能够很好地评估分析能力和语言能力,但无法估计创造力和实践能力,而这些也是解决问题和获得成功的关键。

opponent

[ə'pəʊnənt]

n.对手,反对者,敌手

a.对立的,对抗的

记 [op-against,pon-put,ent-person]放在(pon)反(op)方向的人(ent)→n.对手,反对者

n.a contestant that you are matched against;someone who offers opposition

例 2014.Text 2

Thereis pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regu latorsinsist that keeping outsiders out of a law firmisolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethical ly.

行业内部确实有要求改革的呼声,但是监管部门中反对改革的人坚持认为,禁止业外人士涉足法律事务所业务可避免律师迫于压力只顾挣钱而不遵守职业道德服务客户。

dispute

[dI'spju:t]

[dI'spju:t]

n.争论,争执v.争论,辩论;反驳;怀疑;阻止

记 [dis-not,pute]前面dis为否定,后面put为“放置”→双方争执不断,放不下的问题→n.争论,争执

n.a disagreement or argument about some- thingimportant;cominginto conflict with

例 2010.Text 1

24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

[A]His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.

[B]His reputation as a music critic has long beenin dispute.

译文从最后两段,我们能了解到有关卡达斯的什么信息?

[A]他的音乐评论可能不吸引当今的读者。

[B]他作为音乐评论家享有的声誉长久以来一直受到争议。

input

['Input]

n./v.输入

记 [in-inner,put]前缀in为“里面”,单词put为“放置”→放置在里面→v./n.输入

output n.产量,输出(量)

disposition

['dIspə'zIʃn]

n.处置;[心理]性情;性格;[.]部署;倾向

记 [dispose,ition]dispose动词为“布置;处理”,变成名词→根据心情来处理事→n.性情;处置

n.your usual mood;the act or means of getting rid of something

例 2009.Part[C]

Whileitis easy toignorein our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposi- tion,itis not so easy asin dealing with adu lts.

虽然在与年轻人接触时,我们会轻易地忽视自己行为对他们的性格所产生的影响,但是在与成年人打交道的时候,这种现象并不会轻易地发生。

posture

['pɔstʃə(r)]

n.姿势;姿态;心态;态度

v.做出某种姿势

n.a rationalized mental attitude;characteris- tic way of bearing one’s body posture意 思稍微抽象,表示“心态,态度”;而position意思稍微具体,表职位和位置

例 2008.Text 3

During childbirth,larger babies have more dif- ficu lty passing through the birth canal.Moreo- ver,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back contin- ue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strainimposed by oversizelimbs.

在女性分娩时,体型较大的婴儿更难通过产道。而且,虽然人类已经直立行走数百年,但我们的双脚和背部还在不断地与双脚行走的姿态相对抗,而且很难承受过大的四肢所造成的持续重压。

deposit

[dI'pɒzIt]

v.存放;使沉淀;.(保证金)n.存款;沉积物

记 [de-down,pos-put,it-go]de为“下”,pos为“放置”,it表示“走”→把钱放下并存起来→n.存款,沉积物

n.the act of putting something somewhere;money depositedin a bankpostpone

[pə'spəʊn]

v.推迟,延期

记 [post-after,pone-put]前缀post为“往后”,词根pone为“放置”→往后放置→v.推迟,延期

v.hold back to a later time

postgraduate

['pəust'grædʒuət]

n.研究生,研究所学生a.大学毕业后的

记 [post-after,graduate]前缀post为“往后”,

graduate为“毕业”→毕业之后→n.研究生

类freshman n.大一学生

sophomore n.大二学生

junior n.大三学生

senior n.大四学生

preposition

['prepə'zIʃn]

n.介词

记 [pre-before,pos-put,ition-n.]前缀pre为“前面”,pos为“放置”,后缀ition为名词→放在前面的词→n.介词(介词又称为“前置词”,一般放在名词或者代词前面,在句子中不能单独做句子成分)

n.a function word that combines with a noundispose

[dIs'pəʊz]

v.(of)处理,处置;(for)布置,安排

记 [dis-away,pose]dis为“分开”,pose为“放置”→分开放置,把每个部分都安排好→v.处理,布置,安排

v.make fit or prepared;throw or cast away

类disposal n.处理,处置;布置,安排

decompose

['di:kəm'pəʊz]

vi.分解;使腐烂vt.

分解;腐烂

记 [de-down,compose]前缀de表往下,后面

compose,表示“组成”→组成的反方向→v.分解,腐烂

depose

[dI'pəʊz]

vt.免职;作证;废黜vi.宣誓作证

记 [de-off,pose]前缀de为“去掉”,词根pose为“放置”→去掉职位→vt.免职vi.宣誓作证(法庭)

类deposition n.沉积物;革职;(法庭上)宣誓作证,证词